An examination of social stratification and its impact on economic opportunities in Calabar Municipal Local Government Area, Cross River State
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Background of the Study
Social stratification in Calabar Municipal has historically influenced access to economic opportunities and resource distribution. This stratification, characterized by differences in wealth, education, and social status, creates varying degrees of access to employment, capital, and social networks (Ifeanyi, 2023). The presence of distinct social classes can affect entrepreneurial endeavors and community development initiatives. Modern socio-economic studies indicate that pronounced social hierarchies often result in unequal distribution of economic benefits, thereby limiting upward mobility for lower strata (Okoro, 2024). Rapid urbanization and globalization have further accentuated these disparities, leading to increased economic polarization. Recent research has highlighted the need to critically examine the mechanisms through which social stratification impacts economic opportunity, including access to education, financing, and professional networks (Udo, 2025). This study seeks to bridge the gap between sociological theory and economic realities by evaluating the impact of social stratification on economic opportunities in Calabar Municipal and proposing avenues for reducing economic inequality.
Statement of the Problem
In Calabar Municipal, social stratification has resulted in significant disparities in economic opportunities. Individuals from lower social strata often face limited access to quality education, financing, and professional networks, inhibiting their economic advancement (Ifeanyi, 2023). These inequities contribute to persistent poverty and reduced community development (Okoro, 2024). Despite various policy interventions, the gap between different social classes continues to widen, necessitating a focused examination of the underlying factors that perpetuate these disparities (Udo, 2025). This study aims to identify the core issues and propose viable solutions to mitigate economic inequality.
Objectives of the Study:
To examine the nature of social stratification in Calabar Municipal.
To analyze its impact on economic opportunities.
To recommend strategies for reducing economic disparities.
Research Questions:
How does social stratification affect economic opportunities in Calabar Municipal?
What are the key factors contributing to economic inequality?
What measures can be implemented to improve access to economic opportunities for lower strata?
Research Hypotheses:
H₁: Social stratification significantly restricts economic opportunities for lower-income groups.
H₂: Inequitable access to education and financing underlies economic disparities.
H₃: Policy interventions can reduce the negative impacts of social stratification.
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it highlights the impact of social stratification on economic opportunities in Calabar Municipal. The findings will provide policymakers and community leaders with empirical evidence to design interventions aimed at reducing economic inequality. By addressing the roots of social disparity, the study contributes to enhanced community development and equitable growth (Ifeanyi, 2023).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study is limited to exploring social stratification and its economic impacts within Calabar Municipal Local Government Area, focusing on local socio-economic dynamics without extending to other urban centers.
Definitions of Terms:
Social Stratification: The division of society into hierarchical layers based on socio-economic factors.
Economic Opportunities: Access to resources, jobs, and financial benefits.
Inequality: The uneven distribution of resources and opportunities among different social groups.
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